The Housing Finance System

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A. Primary Housing Finance Market

A.1 Industry Structure and Performance
VariableEnd of 2017End of 2016End of 2015SourcesVar ID
Types of originating lenders/market share:A.1.2
Universal/ commercial banks100% of total100% of total100% of total
ECBC
A.1.2.1
Identify the 3 largest loan originating lenders Unicredit, Banca Monte dei Paschi, Banca Intesa Sanpaolo 
 
A.1.3
Level of Non-Performing Mortgage Loans (90 days or more past due):A.1.6
Average 1997-2007 A.1.7
A.2 Size of Mortgage Finance Sector
VariableEnd of 2017End of 2016End of 2015SourcesVar ID
Total amount of home mortgage loans outstanding at the end of year in millions of USD:450,213.2 USD (millions)404,655.85 USD (millions)479,878.78 USD (millions)
Banca D'Italia
A.2.1
Total amount of home mortgage loans outstanding at the end of year as % of GDP (current)23.23%21.86%26.43%
Banca D'Italia and WEO
A.2.1.1
and as % of all credits outstanding11.76% Not available
World Bank and Banca D'Italia
A.2.1.2
Total amount of home mortgages made in calendar year in millions of USD80,520.86 USD (millions) 73,766.67 USD (millions)
ECBC
A.2.3
and as % of GDP (current) 4.16% 4.06%
ECBC and WEO
A.2.3.1
and as % of all credits originated in calender year 19.5%18.9%
IMF FSI
A.2.3.2
A.3 Housing Finance Products
VariableEnd of 2017End of 2016End of 2015SourcesVar ID
Mortgage products as % of all mortgages (approx.) in local currency:A.3.1
Fixed rate for life of loan  50%
ECBC
A.3.1.1
Variable rate/indexed  62.8%
2009 Financial Stability Report
A.3.1.2
Loans based on foreign currency as % of all mortgage products 0%0%
 
A.3.2
Most prevalent type of foreign currency mortgage used:A.3.3
Most frequent interest rates on fully amortizing:A.3.4
10 year fixed rate mortgage1.9%2.17%2.8%
HypoStat
A.3.4.1
Typical lender fees associated with mortgage origination: A.3.6
Typical third party fees associated with mortgage origination:A.3.7
Appraisal fees  735 USD
 
A.3.7.1
Loan-to-Value (LTV) on first mortgage: A.3.8
Maximum LTV80.008080.00A.3.8.1
Typical LTV at origination71.007070
HypoStat
A.3.8.2
Maximum term over which pmt is calculated? 30 years30 years30 years
Intesa Sanpaolo
A.3.9
Mortgage pmt-to-income ratio A.3.10
Maximum pmt-to-income ratio (Individual income)  33%A.3.10.2
Typical pmt-to-income ratio (Individual income)  35%
FSB
A.3.10.4
A.4 Lending and Servicing Process
VariableEnd of 2017End of 2016End of 2015SourcesVar ID
Does the mortgage industry use standard principles/guidelines for underwriting?Yes  
 
A.4.1
Which institutions define underwriting rules? A.4.2
Central Bank/Ministry of FinanceYes  A.4.2.1
A.5 Credit Risk Assessment
VariableEnd of 2017End of 2016End of 2015SourcesVar ID
Do credit bureaus exist? YesYesYes
Banca D'Italia
A.5.2
Is mortgage default insurance available?YesYesYesA.5.3
Are credit guarantee systems used? YesYesYesA.5.4
Is there public sponsored MI / guarantee?  No
FSB
A.5.5
B. Funding Sources for Mortgages and the Secondary Mortgage Market
VariableEnd of 2017End of 2016End of 2015SourcesVar ID
What are the main funding sources for mortgages?B.1
Retail funding (deposits/other)primaryprimaryprimary
HypoStat
B.1.1
Funding through mortgage bonds tertiarytertiarytertiary
Hypostat
B.1.3
Funding through securitization of mortgagessecondarysecondarysecondary
Hypostat
B.1.4
C. Housing Microfinance
VariableEnd of 2017End of 2016End of 2015SourcesVar ID
Types of lenders operating in the housing micro-finance (HMF) sector:C.2
Level of NPLs (>90 days past due) in HMFC.4
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Notes:
Notes:
Notes:
Notes: Actual value is -0.17
Notes: Actual value is -0.34
Notes: all mortgages are written by banks
Notes: Capital gains tax levied if property was held for less than 5 years under "miscellaneous income"
Notes: figure represents tenure by households, not tenure by units
Notes: figure represents tenure by households, not tenure by units
Notes: figure represents tenure by households, not tenure by units
Notes: figure represents tenure by households, not tenure by units
Notes: figure represents tenure by households, not tenure by units
Notes: figure represents tenure by households, not tenure by units
Notes: figure represents tenure by households, not tenure by units
Notes: figure represents tenure by households, not tenure by units
Notes: figure represents tenure by households, not tenure by units
Notes: figure represents tenure by households, not tenure by units  
Notes: figure represents tenure by households, not tenure by units  
Notes: figure represents tenure by households, not tenure by units 
Notes: found by taking average household size * median per capita household income
Notes: Gains from property sale held for less than five years are taxed as income
Notes: In 2015, interest rates were at historic lows. Therefore, many people took loans with a fixed rate as they did not want to expose themselves to rate increases in the future
Notes: includes all mortgages with a term greater than 10 years
Notes: maximum term is extended to 40 years for first-time home buyers under 35
Notes: Property tax is generally levied at 0.76%
Notes: report gives a range of 33-40
Notes: Table TSC20400
Notes: Table TSC20400
Notes: Table TSC20400
Notes: Table TSC20400
Notes: Table TSC20400
Notes: Table TSC20400
Notes: Table TSC20400
Notes: Table TSC20400
Notes: Table TSC20400
Notes: Table TSC20400
Notes: Table TSC20400
Notes: Table TSC20400
Notes: Table TSC20400
Notes: Table TSC20400
Notes: Table TSC20400
Notes: Table TSC20400
Notes: Taken from Introduction to Mortgages and Mortgage Backed Securities by Richard Green, 2013
Notes: Tax rate ranges from 0.4% to 0.76% depending on the property location
Notes: The First Home Guarantee Fund enables mortgagers to request a loan of up to 100% of the property value (exceeding the maximum LTV of 80%)
Notes: The transaction tax is levied at 2% of the sale price
Notes: The transaction tax is levied at 2% of the sale price