General Assessment

    Variable(2018)
    Data
    Main constraints in the development of the housing finance sector Focus on reaching/keeping a targeted home price level, need for a sound mortgage risk-sharing framework
    New developments that will have a major impact on the sector 
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    Notes: China allows for a monthly deduction of taxable income based on payments made toward a housing fund.
    Notes: China allows for a monthly deduction of taxable income based on payments made toward a housing fund.
    Notes: China allows for a monthly deduction of taxable income based on payments made toward a housing fund.
    Notes: China allows for a monthly deduction of taxable income based on payments made toward a housing fund.
    Notes: China allows for a monthly deduction of taxable income based on payments made toward a housing fund.
    Notes: China allows for a monthly deduction of taxable income based on payments made toward a housing fund.
    Notes: Employees can borrow directly from their Housing Provident Fund often on more favorable terms than mortgage loans from commercial banks.
    Notes: Employees can apply for loans directly from Housing Provident Funds (consists of employee savings along with employer matched contributions dedicated to housing), which can offer mortgages at lower rates and better terms than compared to commercial banks.
    Notes: Employees can apply for loans directly from Housing Provident Funds (consists of employee savings along with employer matched contributions dedicated to housing), which can offer mortgages at lower rates and better terms than compared to commercial banks.
    Notes: Employees can apply for loans directly from Housing Provident Funds (consists of employee savings along with employer matched contributions dedicated to housing), which can offer mortgages at lower rates and better terms than compared to commercial banks.
    Notes: Employees can apply for loans directly from Housing Provident Funds (consists of employee savings along with employer matched contributions dedicated to housing), which can offer mortgages at lower rates and better terms than compared to commercial banks.
    Notes: Employees can apply for loans directly from Housing Provident Funds (consists of employee savings along with employer matched contributions dedicated to housing), which can offer mortgages at lower rates and better terms than compared to commercial banks.
    Notes: Employees can apply for loans directly from Housing Provident Funds (consists of employee savings along with employer matched contributions dedicated to housing), which can offer mortgages at lower rates and better terms than compared to commercial banks.
    Notes: Employees can apply for loans directly from Housing Provident Funds (consists of employee savings along with employer matched contributions dedicated to housing), which can offer mortgages at lower rates and better terms than compared to commercial banks.
    Notes: Employees can apply for loans directly from Housing Provident Funds (consists of employee savings along with employer matched contributions dedicated to housing), which can offer mortgages at lower rates and better terms than compared to commercial banks.
    Notes: Employees can borrow directly from their Housing Provident Fund often on more favorable terms than mortgage loans from commercial banks.
    Notes: Employees can borrow directly from their Housing Provident Fund often on more favorable terms than mortgage loans from commercial banks.
    Notes: Employees can borrow directly from their Housing Provident Fund often on more favorable terms than mortgage loans from commercial banks.
    Notes: Employees can borrow directly from their Housing Provident Fund often on more favorable terms than mortgage loans from commercial banks.
    Notes: Employees can borrow directly from their Housing Provident Fund often on more favorable terms than mortgage loans from commercial banks.
    Notes: Employees can borrow directly from their Housing Provident Fund often on more favorable terms than mortgage loans from commercial banks.
    Notes: Employees can borrow directly from their Housing Provident Fund often on more favorable terms than mortgage loans from commercial banks.
    Notes: Employees can borrow directly from their Housing Provident Fund often on more favorable terms than mortgage loans from commercial banks.
    Notes: HPF offers lower interest rate mortgage loans to those that contribute to the fund. The government also alters the mortgage interest rate through the PBOC based on the current economic climate, which can act as an interest rate subsidy to households.
    Notes: HPF offers lower interest rate mortgage loans to those that contribute to the fund. The government also alters the mortgage interest rate through the PBOC based on the current economic climate, which can act as an interest rate subsidy to households.
    Notes: HPF offers lower interest rate mortgage loans to those that contribute to the fund. The government also alters the mortgage interest rate through the PBOC based on the current economic climate, which can act as an interest rate subsidy to households.
    Notes: HPF offers lower interest rate mortgage loans to those that contribute to the fund. The government also alters the mortgage interest rate through the PBOC based on the current economic climate, which can act as an interest rate subsidy to households.
    Notes: HPF offers lower interest rate mortgage loans to those that contribute to the fund. The government also alters the mortgage interest rate through the PBOC based on the current economic climate, which can act as an interest rate subsidy to households.
    Notes: HPF offers lower interest rate mortgage loans to those that contribute to the fund. The government also alters the mortgage interest rate through the PBOC based on the current economic climate, which can act as an interest rate subsidy to households.
    Notes: HPF offers lower interest rate mortgage loans to those that contribute to the fund. The government also alters the mortgage interest rate through the PBOC based on the current economic climate, which can act as an interest rate subsidy to households.
    Notes: HPF offers lower interest rate mortgage loans to those that contribute to the fund. The government also alters the mortgage interest rate through the PBOC based on the current economic climate, which can act as an interest rate subsidy to households.
    Notes: HPF offers lower interest rate mortgage loans to those that contribute to the fund. The government also alters the mortgage interest rate through the PBOC based on the current economic climate, which can act as an interest rate subsidy to households.
    Notes: In 2018, the government created an online platform that streamlined transaction, tax, and registration department processes to reduce time needed to transfer title
    Notes: January 2010 - December 2012 LTV was set at 70% for homes under 90 sq. meters.
    Notes: January 2010 - December 2012 LTV was set at 70% for homes under 90 sq. meters.
    Notes: LTV limits are altered by the government of China much more frequently than is typical in other countries. Figures represented here are representative of a general trend of LTV limits and may not capture quarterly or annual changes in LTV limits by the PBC.
    Notes: LTV limits are altered by the government of China much more frequently than is typical in other countries. Figures represented here are representative of a general trend of LTV limits and may not capture quarterly or annual changes in LTV limits by the PBC.
    Notes: LTV limits are altered by the government of China much more frequently than is typical in other countries. Figures represented here are representative of a general trend of LTV limits and may not capture quarterly or annual changes in LTV limits by the PBC.
    Notes: maximum
    Notes: Middle Income Households (Third Quintile)
    Notes: Middle Income Households (Third Quintile)
    Notes: Middle Income Households (Third Quintile)
    Notes: Middle Income Households (Third Quintile)
    Notes: Middle Income Households (Third Quintile)
    Notes: Mortgage laws were "tentative, isolated provisions existing in various parts of different statutes" before the introduction of the New Property Law in 2007--China's first truly consolidated law with a portion dedicated to mortgages.
    Notes: Mortgage laws were "tentative, isolated provisions existing in various parts of different statutes" before the introduction of the New Property Law in 2007--China's first truly consolidated law with a portion dedicated to mortgages.
    Notes: Mortgage laws were "tentative, isolated provisions existing in various parts of different statutes" before the introduction of the New Property Law in 2007--China's first truly consolidated law with a portion dedicated to mortgages.
    Notes: Mortgage laws were "tentative, isolated provisions existing in various parts of different statutes" before the introduction of the New Property Law in 2007--China's first truly consolidated law with a portion dedicated to mortgages.
    Notes: The "Big Four" banks in China are all state-owned, and they are the largest mortgage lenders in the nation.
    Notes: The "Big Four" banks in China are all state-owned, and they are the largest mortgage lenders in the nation.
    Notes: The "Big Four" banks in China are all state-owned, and they are the largest mortgage lenders in the nation.
    Notes: The "Big Four" banks in China are all state-owned, and they are the largest mortgage lenders in the nation.
    Notes: The "Big Four" banks in China are all state-owned, and they are the largest mortgage lenders in the nation.
    Notes: The "Big Four" banks in China are all state-owned, and they are the largest mortgage lenders in the nation.
    Notes: The "Big Four" banks in China are all state-owned, and they are the largest mortgage lenders in the nation.
    Notes: The "Big Four" banks in China are all state-owned, and they are the largest mortgage lenders in the nation.
    Notes: The "Big Four" banks in China are all state-owned, and they are the largest mortgage lenders in the nation.
    Notes: The "Big Four" banks in China are all state-owned, and they are the largest mortgage lenders in the nation.
    Notes: The "Big Four" banks in China are all state-owned, and they are the largest mortgage lenders in the nation.
    Notes: The "Big Four" banks in China are all state-owned, and they are the largest mortgage lenders in the nation.
    Notes: The "Big Four" banks in China are all state-owned, and they are the largest mortgage lenders in the nation.
    Notes: The "Big Four" banks in China are all state-owned, and they are the largest mortgage lenders in the nation.
    Notes: The "Big Four" banks in China are all state-owned, and they are the largest mortgage lenders in the nation.
    Notes: The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) works along with the PBOC to supervise and set regulations on mortgage lending.
    Notes: The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) works along with the PBOC to supervise and set regulations on mortgage lending.
    Notes: The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) works along with the PBOC to supervise and set regulations on mortgage lending.
    Notes: The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) works along with the PBOC to supervise and set regulations on mortgage lending.
    Notes: The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) works along with the PBOC to supervise and set regulations on mortgage lending.
    Notes: The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) works along with the PBOC to supervise and set regulations on mortgage lending.
    Notes: The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) works along with the PBOC to supervise and set regulations on mortgage lending.
    Notes: The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) works along with the PBOC to supervise and set regulations on mortgage lending.
    Notes: The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) works along with the PBOC to supervise and set regulations on mortgage lending.
    Notes: The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) works along with the PBOC to supervise and set regulations on mortgage lending.
    Notes: The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) works along with the PBOC to supervise and set regulations on mortgage lending.
    Notes: The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) works along with the PBOC to supervise and set regulations on mortgage lending.
    Notes: The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) works along with the PBOC to supervise and set regulations on mortgage lending.
    Notes: The government in the past has altered property tax rates and changed mortgage lending rates in order to stimulate the housing finance market. Employers also offer a variety of interest-free loans and other subsidies in order to allow their employees to purchase homes.
    Notes: The government in the past has altered property tax rates and changed mortgage lending rates in order to stimulate the housing finance market. Employers also offer a variety of interest-free loans and other subsidies in order to allow their employees to purchase homes.
    Notes: The government in the past has altered property tax rates and changed mortgage lending rates in order to stimulate the housing finance market. Employers also offer a variety of interest-free loans and other subsidies in order to allow their employees to purchase homes.
    Notes: The government in the past has altered property tax rates and changed mortgage lending rates in order to stimulate the housing finance market. Employers also offer a variety of interest-free loans and other subsidies in order to allow their employees to purchase homes.
    Notes: The government in the past has altered property tax rates and changed mortgage lending rates in order to stimulate the housing finance market. Employers also offer a variety of interest-free loans and other subsidies in order to allow their employees to purchase homes.
    Notes: The government in the past has altered property tax rates and changed mortgage lending rates in order to stimulate the housing finance market. Employers also offer a variety of interest-free loans and other subsidies in order to allow their employees to purchase homes.
    Notes: The government in the past has altered property tax rates and changed mortgage lending rates in order to stimulate the housing finance market. Employers also offer a variety of interest-free loans and other subsidies in order to allow their employees to purchase homes.
    Notes: The government in the past has altered property tax rates and changed mortgage lending rates in order to stimulate the housing finance market. Employers also offer a variety of interest-free loans and other subsidies in order to allow their employees to purchase homes.
    Notes: The government in the past has altered property tax rates and changed mortgage lending rates in order to stimulate the housing finance market. Employers also offer a variety of interest-free loans and other subsidies in order to allow their employees to purchase homes.
    Notes: The government in the past has altered property tax rates and changed mortgage lending rates in order to stimulate the housing finance market. Employers also offer a variety of interest-free loans and other subsidies in order to allow their employees to purchase homes.
    Notes: The government in the past has altered property tax rates and changed mortgage lending rates in order to stimulate the housing finance market. Employers also offer a variety of interest-free loans and other subsidies in order to allow their employees to purchase homes.
    Notes: The People's Bank of China alters the upper and lower interest rate limits of what lenders can offer mortgages at based upon the economic climate at the time.
    Notes: The People's Bank of China alters the upper and lower interest rate limits of what lenders can offer mortgages at based upon the economic climate at the time.
    Notes: The People's Bank of China alters the upper and lower interest rate limits of what lenders can offer mortgages at based upon the economic climate at the time.
    Notes: The People's Bank of China alters the upper and lower interest rate limits of what lenders can offer mortgages at based upon the economic climate at the time.
    Notes: The People's Bank of China alters the upper and lower interest rate limits of what lenders can offer mortgages at based upon the economic climate at the time.
    Notes: The People's Bank of China alters the upper and lower interest rate limits of what lenders can offer mortgages at based upon the economic climate at the time.
    Notes: The People's Bank of China alters the upper and lower interest rate limits of what lenders can offer mortgages at based upon the economic climate at the time.
    Notes: The People's Bank of China alters the upper and lower interest rate limits of what lenders can offer mortgages at based upon the economic climate at the time.
    Notes: The People's Bank of China alters the upper and lower interest rate limits of what lenders can offer mortgages at based upon the economic climate at the time.
    Notes: The People's Bank of China alters the upper and lower interest rate limits of what lenders can offer mortgages at based upon the economic climate at the time.
    Notes: The People's Bank of China alters the upper and lower interest rate limits of what lenders can offer mortgages at based upon the economic climate at the time.
    Notes: The top four mortgage lenders, all commercial banks, grant over half of mortgages.
    Notes: The top four mortgage lenders, all commercial banks, grant over half of mortgages.
    Notes: The top four mortgage lenders, all commercial banks, grant over half of mortgages.
    Notes: These figures do not include outstanding mortgage loan balances for HPF loans.
    Notes: These figures do not include outstanding mortgage loan balances for HPF loans.
    Notes: These figures do not include outstanding mortgage loan balances for HPF loans.
    Notes: These figures do not include outstanding mortgage loan balances for HPF loans.
    Notes: These figures do not include outstanding mortgage loan balances for HPF loans.
    Notes: These figures do not include outstanding mortgage loan balances for HPF loans.
    Notes: These figures do not include outstanding mortgage loan balances for HPF loans.
    Notes: These figures do not include outstanding mortgage loan balances for HPF loans.
    Notes: While very small compared to other funding sources, commercial banks have continued to issue increasing levels of RMBS in the last few years.
    Notes: While very small compared to other funding sources, commercial banks have continued to issue increasing levels of RMBS in the last few years.
    Notes: While very small compared to other funding sources, commercial banks have continued to issue increasing levels of RMBS in the last few years.
    Notes: While very small compared to other funding sources, commercial banks have continued to issue increasing levels of RMBS in the last few years. As of 2015, RMB26 billion outstanding.